The region of Jammu and Kashmir under Pakistani administration, often referred to as Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK), has been a hotbed of civil unrest and violence driven by severe economic challenges. The area has experienced persistent issues such as high inflation, exorbitant utility costs, and frequent power outages, which have strained the lives of its residents. The discontent reached a boiling point with a series of protests that underscore the population’s demand for economic relief and greater political autonomy.
The unrest began in earnest on May 8, 2023, when the Pakistani government abruptly doubled the price of flour, triggering widespread protests in Rawalakot. This economic strain was compounded in August when electricity prices also doubled, sparking further demonstrations in Muzaffarabad. Shortly thereafter, additional protests erupted in Mirpur. In response to these grievances, the Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC), a civil society-based group, was formed in August 2023. This group has since been at the forefront of the movement, advocating for economic justice and local autonomy.
JAAC’s demands reflect the broader aspirations of the PoJK population. The organization has called for subsidized electricity and flour, the elimination of unnecessary privileges enjoyed by politicians and bureaucrats, and greater local control over resources. The movement gained significant momentum in May 2024, when thousands of residents marched towards the capital city, Muzaffarabad, demanding accountability from the political elite and economic relief for the populace.
The situation took a violent turn with the deployment of Pakistan Rangers, whose intervention was perceived as an attempt to suppress the protests by force. Clashes in Muzaffarabad resulted in the deaths of three protesters and injuries to many others. The Rangers’ use of teargas and live ammunition only fueled public outrage. On May 12, 2024, following high-level discussions between Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and PoJK Prime Minister Chaudhry Anwarul Haq, a PKR23 billion subsidy for flour and electricity was announced. However, the relief measures did little to quell the unrest, as allegations of misappropriation of funds surfaced, further eroding public trust.
The disconnect between the Pakistani government and the residents of PoJK is stark. The reliance on the existing political elite in Muzaffarabad has alienated ordinary citizens, leading to a loss of confidence in the region’s political leadership. The protests, led by grassroots action committees rather than mainstream political parties, highlight a collective demand for economic rights and improved governance.
JAAC has outlined specific demands to address the grievances of PoJK residents, including granting legislative powers to the elected PoJK Assembly, ensuring the Kashmir Council represents PoJK citizens, and preventing the recurrence of paramilitary force deployment against locals. Additionally, there is a call for equitable sharing of Pakistan’s earnings from PoJK’s natural resources and the implementation of sustainable economic relief measures.
The ongoing unrest in PoJK is a stark reminder of the region’s struggle for economic justice and political autonomy. It underscores the urgent need for policies that prioritize the welfare of local communities, ensure equitable resource distribution, and uphold human rights. As the situation unfolds, it remains imperative for the international community to monitor developments and support efforts towards a peaceful resolution that addresses the legitimate aspirations of PoJK’s residents.