Heracles - The Greek Protector of the Buddha

The mark of the Indo-Greek kingdoms on Buddhism is well known. From King Menander, who protected and promoted Buddhism, to the art of Gandhara, the Greek influence is undoubted. Before Hellenistic times, the Buddha and other deities were never depicted in art in a human form. Greek artisans innovated and gave the Buddha his first actual image.

Moreover, it was very common for Greek deities to be incorporated into foreign religions, such as Heracles. Members of the Greek pantheon became very popular with foreign people, such as the Atlas, who appeared in Buddhist monuments.

Also, the Hellenistic period saw Buddhism adopt the Greek hero Heracles as a club-wielding protector of the Buddha.

After the death of Alexander, who honoured Heracles and considered him one of his bloodline ancestors, Heracles was frequently depicted in Eastern religion and art. From coins to sculptures, the Greek hero's presence in the conquered territories was striking.

His story became deep knowledge and inspired the artists of Gandhara. His connection with the Buddha could easily have taken place due to Heracle's epic achievements, his physical and mental strength and his history of travelling to numerous foreign lands.

It has also been suggested that since Heracles was particularly honoured by the Greco-Bactrian Kings, he provided Buddhism with a sense of royalty, which attracted the attention of the Kushan Kings.

It should also be noted that Heracles is the role model of the great man who achieves immortality and divine status.

These qualities, earned through trial and experience, are greatly admired and fit perfectly with the Buddha's spiritual sovereignty. This is seen in art from India, where he was eventually transported to Japan as a guardian deity (Nio).

Heracles is easily recognisable in these depictions, and he was called Vajrapani.

The article was first published on the Greek Asia Blog.

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