A 1,600-year-old bronze amulet depicting King Solomon spearing the devil has been unearthed in Hadrianopolis (near modern-day Karabük, Turkey), a former Roman and Byzantine city. This unique find, the only one of its kind discovered in Anatolia, dates back to the fifth century. The inscriptions on the amulet, significantly, are in Greek, highlighting the language's role as the administrative language of Hadrianopolis during this period.
The pendant features these Greek inscriptions on both sides. One side, depicting Solomon on horseback vanquishing the devil, bears a phrase that translates to "Our Lord defeated evil." The other side lists the names of four angels, also written in Greek: Azrael, Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil.
Archaeologists believe the amulet was worn for protection, serving as a symbol of both religious faith and power.
While King Solomon is revered in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, his historical existence during the 10th century BC, as described in the Hebrew Bible, lacks substantial archaeological confirmation. This amulet underscores Solomon's significance across these religions, particularly his recognition as a prophet in Islam and a commander of armies. This military connection is especially relevant given the pendant's discovery within a building possibly associated with military activity at Hadrianopolis, where a cavalry unit was previously identified. Researchers speculate the amulet may have belonged to a cavalry soldier, linking Solomon with protection in battle.
Hadrianopolis, situated in the ancient region of Paphlagonia on Turkey's Black Sea coast, boasts a rich history, evidenced by past discoveries of mosaics, baths, churches, and other structures. The amulet's fifth-century provenance places it within the Byzantine era, after Emperor Constantine divided the Roman Empire. The use of Greek on the amulet reinforces the continuing influence of Hellenistic culture and administration in this part of the Byzantine world.
A similar pendant previously discovered in Jerusalem suggests Hadrianopolis held significant religious importance in ancient times. The amulet is currently under study and will eventually be displayed in a museum.