Glasgow, Scotland – Imagine using tools designed to study black holes to unlock the secrets of a 2,000-year-old astronomical calculator. That's exactly what a team of astronomers from the University of Glasgow has done, using their expertise to solve a longstanding mystery surrounding the Antikythera Mechanism.
Dubbed the world's oldest analog computer, this intricate device, discovered in an ancient shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, has fascinated scientists for over a century. While its ability to predict eclipses and chart celestial movements was known, many details remained shrouded in mystery due to its fragmented state.
One such puzzle was the exact number of teeth on a crucial component known as the "calendar ring." New X-ray images from 2020 revealed telltale holes beneath the ring's surface, but their number remained elusive due to damage. Initial estimates, including those by Antikythera enthusiast Chris Budiselic, ranged from 347 to 367.
Intrigued, the Glasgow astronomers saw an opportunity to apply their unique skillset. Professor Graham Woan, using Bayesian analysis – a statistical method for handling incomplete data – calculated the probable number of holes based on the existing fragments.
Meanwhile, Dr. Joseph Bayley, drawing on his experience with LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), employed techniques used to detect subtle ripples in spacetime caused by colliding black holes. He applied these to analyze the calendar ring's structure.
Astonishingly, both approaches converged on the same answer: 354 holes. This number perfectly matches the lunar calendar, bolstering the theory that the Antikythera Mechanism tracked the moon's movements in addition to other celestial bodies.
"It's remarkable that we used techniques for studying the universe to understand a device used to track the heavens two thousand years ago," said Professor Woan.
Even more astounding was the precision revealed. Analysis showed the holes were crafted with an average variation of just 0.028mm, highlighting the astonishing craftsmanship of the ancient Greeks.
"The precision is incredible," marvelled Dr. Bayley. "It speaks to the skill and care of the craftspeople who created this mechanism."
Published in the Horological Journal, the team's findings offer invaluable insights into this ancient technological marvel. While the Antikythera Mechanism may not be a time-traveling device like in "Indiana Jones," its real-world ingenuity continues to inspire awe and wonder.
