Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia, was a prominent city of antiquity. Established in the late 5th century BCE by King Archelaus I, Pella replaced Aigai as the kingdom’s capital. Strategically located near the Axios River and connected to the Thermaic Gulf, it became a flourishing hub of culture, politics, and trade.
Pella reached its zenith during the 4th century BCE under the rule of Philip II and his son Alexander the Great. Alexander was born and received his education here under the philosopher Aristotle. The city’s influence grew as Macedonian kings expanded their territory, culminating in Alexander’s conquests, which spread Hellenistic culture across three continents.
The city was characterized by its sophisticated urban planning, with a grid layout and advanced water supply and drainage systems. Pella was renowned for its exquisite mosaics, many depicting mythological scenes and hunting expeditions, which adorned the floors of elite residences.
Following the Roman conquest of Macedonia in 168 BCE, Pella declined in importance as the administrative center shifted to Thessaloniki. Over time, the city was gradually abandoned, leaving its ruins buried until rediscovery in the 20th century.
Modern Pella, a small town near the archaeological site, celebrates its ancient heritage. The ruins of Pella include the agora, residential quarters, and mosaics, attracting scholars and tourists alike.
The Archaeological Museum of Pella houses artifacts that showcase its historical significance.
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